A legal excuse, as stipulated in Article 128 of the Penal Code, refers to the total or partial exemption from...

Contracts are one of the most prominent legal means of regulating relations between individuals, as they represent a binding legal agreement between two or more parties to create mutual obligations. The Iraqi Civil Law No. 40 of 1951 organized the provisions related to contracts, specifying the conditions for their formation, effects, and methods of implementation, with the aim of achieving justice and providing legal stability.

Arbitration is an alternative means of settling disputes away from the traditional judiciary, where the dispute is referred to an independent and neutral third party known as the arbitrator, who decides the dispute based on the agreement of the parties. Arbitration is an effective and preferred tool in many areas, especially in commercial and civil disputes.

Publication crimes are acts committed through the media or written or electronic publication that lead to a violation of the law or harm to the public interest or private rights of individuals. In Iraq, the Penal Code No. 111 of 1969 as amended, as well as the legislation related to the media, addressed the provisions related to publication crimes, with the aim of achieving a balance between freedom of expression and the protection of public rights and interests.

Divorce is one of the legal means of ending the marriage contract between spouses, and is regulated by the Iraqi Personal Status Law No. 188 of 1959, as amended. Divorce is considered an exceptional procedure resorted to when it is impossible to continue married life, and the law aims to regulate it in a way that achieves a balance between the rights of spouses and guarantees the rights of the family and children.