Cybercrimes

Definition of Cybercrimes: it is Every unlawful act committed through electronic devices or means, involving threats or intimidation of the victim by disclosing confidential information, photos, or videos, with the purpose of obtaining material or moral benefits for the offender. Characteristics of Cybercrime: 1. Cross-border nature: It can occur between parties located in different countries without geographical restrictions. 2. Silent crime: It does not require physical effort or direct interaction, but rather relies on electronic technologies. 3. Difficulty of proof: It often leaves no physical traces, and the offender usually exploits his technical expertise to conceal the evidence. 4. Victim’s hesitation to report: Particularly in societies bound by strict traditions and social norms, which complicates the work of the authorities. 5. Complaint initiated by the victim: A criminal case cannot be pursued unless an explicit complaint is filed by the victim or their legal representative. Legal Qualification of Cyber Extortion Legal basis: Article (430) of the Iraqi Penal Code. Content: The law punishes the act of threat if it is accompanied by a demand or instruction requiring the victim to do, refrain from, or intend to do something. Penalty: Imprisonment for a period not exceeding seven (7) years, or simple detention, depending on the severity of the act and the circumstances of the crime.